This research aims to analysis the relationship between the budget deficit and the internal public debt in Algeria for the period of 1990-2017, using the quantitative analytical method and Angel Granger, Johansen cointegration approach, He also used the impuls response function of VAR model. The results of the study led to reject a long run relationship, contrary to the short term, which showed moderate impact of the budget deficit variable on internal public debt

This research paper aims to shed light on the reality of food security in the world, firstly, by taking into account its dimensions, determinants and the conditions for its realization. Global food security, while one of the most complex issues facing the international community, has intensified efforts to win its stake, but many UN reports show that ensuring food for everybody remains an elusive goal, if not to say, it is a diverging one

The research aims to clarify the current reality of the Iraqi commercial ports, the challenges it faces, and the strategic importance of the great port of Faw. As its implementation will make Iraq a bridge linking the East to the West.The research reviewed the reality of the dry canal, the challenges it faces, and the methods of linking the dry canal in Iraq with the Silk Road and belt project. As for the research methodology, it depends on descriptive analysis and collection of recent data andstatistics from various sources. The most important results reached are that the implementation of the grand Faw port project faces internal and external challenges, which hinder its implementation process. At the level of the dry canal in Iraq, it faces many challenges after 2003.As for the Silk Road and the Belt, the rail link between Iraq and China faces challenges represented in the quality of the soil and the instability of the security situation.

In the context of competition to attract foreign direct investment, Arab countries have embarked on a set of reforms in various legal, legislative and regulatory fields in order to improve their competitive environment to attract foreign direct investment. But with the spread of the Covid-19 virus, foreign direct investment flows have been affected in the world as a whole and in the Arab countries, given that the latter is linked to investment-exporting countries, which in turn have been affected by this epidemic, such as the European Union, the United States of America, Russia and China. That is why our research paper came to highlight the reality of foreign direct investment in Arab countries and the extent to which they are affected by the Covid-19 pandemic. It was found that the incoming foreign direct investment flows to the Arab countries deviated from expectations and rose by 2.5%, to reach $40.5 billion in 2020.